The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has reported cases of African trypanosomiasis in travelers returning from Chirundu District in Southern Province, as well as from southern areas of Lusaka Province along the Zambezi River. While the exact number of cases remains unspecified, this marks the first reported incidents in travelers since 2021.

Similar concerns have arisen in Zimbabwe, where cases of African trypanosomiasis have been reported among travelers returning from Charara Safari Area, Hurungwe Safari Area, and Mana Pool National Park in Mashonaland West Province. This marks the first reported cases in travelers since 2016.

African trypanosomiasis is transmitted by the bite of an infected tsetse fly. While the disease is preventable with the right precautions, it can cause severe systemic and neurologic complications if left untreated.To reduce the risk of tsetse fly bites, travelers should wear light-colored, heavyweight clothing that covers the arms and legs. It is important to avoid wearing blue or black, as these colors attract tsetse flies. Notably, conventional insect repellents such as DEET and permethrin are ineffective against tsetse flies.

Healthcare providers should consider African trypanosomiasis in the differential diagnosis of any traveler returning from affected areas with acute fever. The disease should also be suspected in those who later develop prolonged systemic or neurologic symptoms.